The Development and Maintenance of Drug Addiction
29 de Dezembro de 2017
What is the defining property of addiction? We dust off a several-decades-long debate about the relative importance of two forms of
reinforcement—positive reinforcement, subjectively linked to drug-induced euphoria, and negative reinforcement, subjectively linked to
the alleviation of pain—both of which figure importantly in addiction theory; each of these forms has dominated addiction theory in its
time. We agree that addiction begins with the formation of habits through positive reinforcement and that drug-opposite physiological
responses often establish the conditions for negative reinforcement to come into play at a time when tolerance, in the form of increasing
reward thresholds, appears to develop into positive reinforcement.
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